Holcim UAE (former Lafarge Emirates) is operating a carbon capture and storage (CCS) pilot plant at its Al Banah 3.2 Mta capacity cement plant (photo) in Fujairah. CO2 is captured from the flue gas stream in a daily rate of 4.0 to 4.5 t. The captured CO2 is liquified and transported to the mineralisation site of company 44.01, where annually 1000 tons CO2 are injected in carbonated water deep underground into Fujairah’s naturally occurring ultramafic rock formations, undergoing mineralization into solid carbonate rock. Due to the low solubility of CO2 in water, this either needs high pressures and energy or high amounts of water. At 100 bar, 70 g/l CO2 can be released in water, at 1 bar at pressure and 20°C its only 1.3 g/l.